Descripción
The caisan and Santiago areas were pre-selected by IDIAP in order to understand their farming systems for the development of an applied research program. Twenty-nine farms were suveryed in February and March 1979. They were selected for the following characteristics: Family income mainly dependent on farm production, diversification of farm activities, farm size less than 100 ha and herd size less than 60 heads. Considering the farm as a production unit, the following farming systems were identified: Cattle (C), cattle and crops (CCr) and crops (Cr). The following average results were obtained: net income figure were B/.726.00 (C), B/.2,353.00 (CCr), and B/.2,024.00 (Cr) in Caisan; and –B/.436.00 (C), –B/.43.00 (CCr) and –B/.1,912.00 (Cr) in Santiago. Net family income figures were: B/.4,248.00 (C), B/.6,744.00 (CCr) and B/.3,435.00 (Cr) in Caisan; and B/.1,766.00 (C), B/.1,635.00 (CCr) and B/.100.00 (Cr), in Santiago. Net income/ha values were: B/.71.00 (C), B/.87.00 (CCr), and B/.313.00 (Cr) in Caisan as compared to –B/.1.00 (C), –B/.5.00 (CCr), and –B/.382.00 (Cr) in Santiago. Data was also analyzed according to the following production systems: beef (B), beef-milk cattle (BM), corn followed by beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (CP), rice and corn associated (RC), beans (P), and corn (C). The following average results were obtained: net income values were: B/.1,045.00 (BM), B/.1,691.00 (CP), and B/.9.00 (P) in Caisan; and –B/.591.00 (BM), –B/.111.00 (B), –B/.242.00 (RC), and –B/.934.00 (C). Net family income figures were: B/.3,972.00 (BM), B/.3,341.00 (CP), and B/.240.00 (P) in Caisan; and B/.1,727.00 (BM), B/.1,693.00 (B), B/.173.00 (RC) and B/.79.00 (C) in Santiago. Net income/ha values were: B/.61.00 (BM), B/.249.00 (CP) and B/.9.00 (P) in the first area; and –B/.20.00 (BM), –B/.9.00 (B), –B/.24.00 (RC), and –B/.187.00 (C) in the second one. Average sold farm production percentaje were: 70% (BM), 88% (CP), and 83% (P) in Caisan; and 57% (BM), 35% (RC), and 99% (C) in Santiago. In addition net family income values increased from B/.3,343.00 to B/.7,461.00 in Caisan, and from B/.114.00 to B/ .2,046.00 in Santiago for farms in the < 20 and 40-80 ha farm size strata, respectively. It was concluded that, indepently of production systems practice, farms in Caisan exhibied higher efficiency, and cropping activities yielded higher profits. Mixed systems were more efficient in terms of net income and net family income. Net family income was found to be directly related to farm size. It is recommended that further studies be conducted to precisely determine biological and economical interactions in mixed farming systems and also on soil management and soil productivity. Descripción
Con el fin de conocer la eficiencia económica de los sistemas de finca en Caisán (Chiriquí) y Santiago (Veraguas), áreas pre-seleccionadas por el IDIAP para desarrollar un programa de investigación aplicada, se realizó, mediante varias visitas de febrero a marzo de 1978, el estudio de 29 fincas elegidas por sus características de: Dependencia principal de la familia a la producción finquera, diversificación de actividades, y tamaño menor de 100 ha y 60 cabezas bovinas. Considerando la unidad de producción, se identificaron los sistemas de ganadería (G), ganadería y agricultura (GA) y agricultura (A). Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados promedios: El ingreso neto fue de B/.726.00 (G), B/.2,353.00 (GA) y B/.2,024.00 (A) en Caisán, y –B/.436.00 (G), –B/.43.00 (GA) y –B/.1,912.00 (A) en Santiago. El ingreso neto familiar fue de B/.4,248.00 (G), B/.6,744.00 (GA) y B/.3,435.00 (A) en Caisán, y B/.1,766.00 (G), B/.1,635.00 (GA) y B/.100.00 (A) en Santiago; y el ingreso neto/ha fue de B/.71.00 (G), B/.87.00 (GA) y B/.313.00 (A) en Caisán comparado con –B/.1.00 (G), –B/.5.00 (GA) y –B/.382.00 (A) en Santiago. Cuando se analizaron los sistemas de producción de carne bovina (C), doble propósito (DP), maíz seguido por poroto (Phaseolus vulgari) (MP), arroz y maíz en asocio (AM), poroto (P) y maíz (M), se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados promedios: El ingreso neto fue B/.1,045.00 (DP), B/.1,691.00 (MP) y B/.9.00 (P) en Caisán y en Santiago –B/.591.00 (DP), –B/.111.00 (C), –B/.242.00 (AM) y –B/.934.00 (M). El ingreso neto familiar: B/.3,972.00 (DP), B/.3,341.00 (MP) y B/.240.00 (P) en Caisán y B/.1,727.00 (D), B/.1,693.00 (C), B/.173.00 (AM) y B/.79.00 (M) en Santiago; el ingreso neto/ha: B/.61.00 (DP), B/.249.00 (MP) y B/.9.00 (P) en la primera área, y –B/.20.00 (DP), –B/.9.00 (C), –B/.24.00 (AM) y –B/.187.00 (M), en la segunda. El porcentaje promedio de la producción vendida fue en Caisán, 70% (DP), 87% (MP) y 83% (P), y en Santiago, 50.3% (DP), 35% (AM) y 99% (M). El ingreso neto familiar aumentó de B/.3,343.00 a B/.7,461.00 en Caisán y de B/.114.00 a B/.2,046.00 en Santiago para los estratos < 20 ha y 40-80 ha, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, se concluye que, independientemente del sistema de producción, las fincas de Caisán exhibieron mayor eficiencia, siendo la actividad agrícola la que arrojó los mayores retornos. Los sistemas mixtos fueron los más eficientes en términos del ingreso neto e ingreso neto familiar. El ingreso neto familiar se relacionó directamente con el tamaño de la finca.
Editorial
Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá